Thailand|中国·昆明东盟贸促会-英文

Thailand
The most regional country in Asia

The Kingdom of Thailand (Thai: ราชอาณาจักรไทย English: Thailand), referred to as Thailand, is the capital of Bangkok, located in the central and southern part of the Indo-China Peninsula, with the Pacific Gulf of Thailand in the southeast and the Andaman Sea in the Indian Ocean in the southwest. It is bordered by Myanmar to the west and northwest, Laos to the northeast, Cambodia to the east, and Malaysia to the south. It has a tropical monsoon climate, the terrain is high in the north and low in the south, and it slopes from northwest to southeast, with a total area of 513,000 square kilometers and a coastline of 2,705 kilometers. As of the end of 2020, Thailand's total population was 65.228 million. Thailand has over 700 years of history and culture. In 1238 AD, Thailand formed a relatively unified country, and successively experienced the Sukhothai Dynasty, the Ayutthaya Dynasty, the Thonburi Dynasty and the Bangkok Dynasty, formerly known as Siam. In the 16th century, colonialists such as Portugal, the Netherlands, Britain and France invaded successively. In 1896, Britain and France signed a treaty that stipulated Siam as a buffer country between British Burma and French Indochina, making Siam the only country in Southeast Asia that was not colonized. At the end of the 19th century, King Rama IV began to open to the outside world, and King Rama V learned from Western experience to carry out social reforms. In June 1932, the Democratic Party staged a coup, changing the absolute monarchy to a constitutional monarchy. In 1949, it was officially named Thailand. Thailand is a member and founding member of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, as well as a member of the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation and the World Trade Organization. It is one of the happiest economies in the world. Thailand is one of the emerging industrial countries and market economies. It implements liberal economic policies and is an export-oriented economy. Gross domestic product in 2021 is $505.6 billion.

Cultural Customs

Custom

Thailand is a country of etiquette, known as the "Land of Smiles". Thai people are mild-mannered, pay attention to etiquette, and respect their elders. When people meet, they usually put their hands together in front of their chests to greet each other. It is customary to bow and salute when meeting members of the royal family. When seeing monks, they usually return the salute with namaste. Women are not allowed to shake hands with monks or deliver items. Thais regard the head as the most sacred part and taboo others to touch it. When the elders are seated, the juniors or inferiors must detour or bend over to pass through. Don't use your left hand to pass things or pick up items. When sitting, avoid tilting your legs, and you should not point your feet at others. When talking, avoid pointing your finger at each other. When going to the temple to burn incense, worship Buddha or visit, you must be neatly dressed and take off your shoes.

Religion

Thailand is dominated by Buddhism, Islam, Catholicism and Hinduism. Buddhism is the state religion of Thailand and an important part of Thailand's religion and culture. It has a significant impact on local politics, economy, social life, culture and art, and enjoys a high status in Thailand.

language

Thai is the national language, and the official languages are Thai and English. Each region has its own dialect, but the dialect of the central Bangkok region is the standard language. Teochew, Hainanese and Cantonese are commonly used among Thai Chinese. There are also Malay and Khmer languages.

Diet

Harmony is the guiding principle of every dish whether Thai food is spicy or lighter. Thai cooking is essentially an organic combination of centuries-old Eastern and Western influences to form a unique Thai diet. Thai cuisine is characterized by chefs, diners, occasions and cooking locations to satisfy everyone's appetite. Thai cooking originally reflected the characteristics of the aquatic lifestyle. Aquatic animals, plants and herbs are the main ingredients.

Because of their Buddhist background, Thais avoid using large pieces of animal meat. Chunks of meat are chopped and tossed with herbs and spices. Traditional Thai cooking methods are steaming, baking or grilling. Influenced by China, methods of frying, stir-frying and deep-frying were introduced. Influenced by Portugal, Holland, France and Japan, red peppers were introduced to Thai cuisine in the late 17th century.

Geographic Resources

Natural Resources

Thailand's natural resources mainly include potassium salt, tin, tungsten, antimony, lead, iron, zinc, copper, molybdenum, nickel, chromium, uranium, etc., as well as barite, gemstone, oil, natural gas, etc. Among them, the reserves of potash rank first in the world. Mineral resources Thailand's mineral resources are divided into three categories, namely fuel ores, metallic ores and non-metallic ores. Fuel mines are natural gas, oil, coal and oil shale. Metal minerals are tin, tungsten, antimony, lead, manganese, iron, zinc, copper and molybdenum, nickel, chromium, uranium, thorium and so on. Non-metallic minerals include fluorite, barite, gypsum, rock salt, miscellaneous salt (carnallite), phosphate, high clay, graphite, asbestos, limestone and marble. Fuel mines Since the 1980s, Thailand has successively discovered natural gas and oil in the Gulf of Thailand and inland. According to private bank estimates, Thailand's maximum reserves of natural gas are 546.5 billion cubic meters, and the maximum reserves of oil (including natural gas condensate) are 164 million tons. Among the 15 discovered gas fields and oil fields, the total reserves of natural gas are 365.95 billion cubic meters, and the total reserves of oil (including natural gas condensate) are 25.59 million tons. Thailand's coal is mainly lignite and bituminous coal, with total reserves of more than 1.5 billion tons, of which 860 million tons are proven reserves and 680 million tons are probable. About 80% of the coal resources are distributed in Chiang Mai, Lamphun, Tak, Phrae and Chengyi in the north, and the rest are distributed in Surat Thani, Trang, Krabi in the south and Ke Lak and Kalasin in the northeast. government. Metal ore Tin is the most important mineral in Thailand, with reserves of 1.5 million tons, ranking first in the world. Tin mines are mainly distributed in Chumphon, Ranong, Phang Nga, Phuket, Surat Thani, Nakhon Khun, Trang, Songkhla, Yala and Pattani in the south. The tin ore in Thailand is tin dioxide ore, most of which are black and brown ore, and the rest are red and yellow ore. The tin ore is mostly associated with ilmenite, zircon, monazite, tungsten, and niobite. Tungsten is an important mineral product second only to tin. It is mainly distributed in Chiang Rai, Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son, Phra, Tat, Lampang, Kanchanaburi and southern Nakhon Si Nakhon, Bashu, Phuket and other tin mining areas. Tungsten and ferromanganese, as well as tungsten and tungsten, are found in igneous rocks and granites in the western mountain range from north to south. Antimony ore is distributed in Lamphun, Lampang, Phra, Surat Thani, Chonburi, Trang, Nakhon Khun, Chanthaburi and Kanchanaburi, mainly including antimony and antimony. Almost all provinces have iron ore, with proven reserves of 46.73 million tons, including hematite, magnetite and limonite. Galena reserves are not much. Zinc mines are mainly distributed in Tat, Kanchanaburi and Lei, and there are four kinds of sphalerite, smithsonite, hemimorphite and red zinc ore. Copper mines are mainly distributed in Ke Lak, Cheng Yi, Li and Khon Kaen, including chalcopyrite, azurite, malachite, and cuprite. There are many kinds of manganese ore, mainly including pyrolusite, drusenite, rhodochrosite, rose pyroxene, as well as hydromanganese, cryptopotassium and limonite. Lamphun, Narathiwat, Rayong, Lai, Lampang and other provinces are distributed. The distribution of other metal mines is: Molybdenum, tungsten, calcium and nickel mines in Chanthaburi and Prachin; chromite mines in Chengyi; , Ranong, Phuket and other provinces have thorium mines. Non-metallic mines Thailand is an important producer of fluorite in the world, with fluorite reserves of about 11.5 million tons and barite reserves of 35.53 million tons. Gypsum is produced in Phichit, Nakhon Suwang, Lampang, Ke Lak, Cheng Yi, Surat Thani and other provinces. Rock salt is distributed in the northeastern provinces of Chaiyaphong, Ke Lak, Mahasarakham, Ubon Ratchathani and Udon Thani, with reserves of 2.9 billion tons; potassium carbonate is between the rock salt layers of the above-mentioned origins, and only the reserves of Chaiyapong Province are 2.9 billion tons. 240 million tons. Other non-metallic minerals are found in the following places: Phosphate in Ratchaburi, Prachuap, Lampang. Lampang, Cheng Yi, Ranong and other prefectures have Gao Cen soil. Graphite is available in Chanthaburi, Chiang Mai, and Bashu. Cheng Yi House has asbestos and talc. There are limestones in Saraburi, Nakhon Pathom and Phetchaburi. Sukhothai, Shaoraburi, and Nakhon Sawan have marble. Ratchaburi, Chiang Mai, Mae Hong Son province has feldspar, Kanchanaburi, Chonburi province has dolomite. In addition, there are pyrophyllite and calcite. Gems include ruby, sapphire, emerald, topaz spinel, tourmaline, zircon, quartz, emerald, etc. ruby and sapphire are the most famous, and the main producing areas are Chanthaburi, Trat, Shishaju, Kanchanaburi and Phrae province, which accounts for about 70% of the country's gem production in Thaburi province.